If you read this title and thought “Why in the world would I need to clean my car’s electrical system?”,then we’re very happy you decided to stick around. The electrical components in your vehicle are absolutely crucial to its daily operation and are all-too-often completely overlooked when it comes to matters of maintenance.
That’s why, as part of our larger series oncleaning car parts, we decided to give this neglected system some long-overdue attention. So, keep reading to learn about the cleaning methods that can help keep your car electrical systems in peak condition, and why making them a regular habit can prevent costly electrical issues, enhance vehicle performance, and extend its overall lifespan.
Electrical Systems 101
Before we dive into the why and how, let’s go over the what – because your car’s electrical system is actually a little more complex than you might think.
In addition to distributing power throughout a vehicle's operating structure (to, say,start the engineorturn on the headlights), automotive electrical systems also provide control and monitoring functions to manage critical functions (like airbag deployment or anti-lock braking).
These are the key elements associated with most of today’s late model electrical systems:
Battery.
The battery represents the energy core of an auto system. It stores energy, and in turn delivers power for starting. It also powers various electrically-driven accessories when the engine is off.
Alternator.
The alternator generates electricity as the engine runs, recharging the battery and supplying power to the electrical system.
Starter.
The starter is an electric motor that provides cranking power to the engine when you turn the key or press the ignition button.
Ignition Complex.
Responsible for turning on and off the electrical system, the ignition complex consists of the ignition switch, ignition coil, distributor,spark plugs, and control module.
Fuses and relays.
Fuses and relays protect the car electrical system from damage. Fuses protect from overloads by breaking the circuit when necessary; relay switches control high-current devices.
Wires and connectors.
Wires and connectors transmit electricity throughout the electrical system.
Lights.
This collection of components includes headlights, taillights, brake lights, turn signals, and other interior/exterior lighting.
Accessories.
From power windows, sunroofs, and mirrors to infotainment systems, HVAC controls, and sensors, your car’s electrical system has a lot of ground to cover!
Do I really need to clean my car’s electrical system?
Considering how many important driving operations rely on the vehicle’s electrical system, you can see whyproper maintenanceis so important. Electrical problems are both a pain to diagnose and potentially dangerous when left untreated. The goal is to stay ahead of them by keeping an eye out for corrosion, build-up, loose connections, frayed wires, and other power-sucking gremlins. Along the way, you’ll enjoy greater peace of mind, better performance, and a longer vehicle life.
Thankfully, this part of the maintenance program isn’t too complex. In fact, cleaning car electrical systems require more patience and careful attention than advanced technical skills. It also doesn’t include every single solitary component.
The main areas you want to focus on include:
- Battery Terminals
- Wires and Cables
- Ignition Components
- Fuses and Relays
- Interior Switches
If you feel like crafting a more comprehensive maintenance regime, you can add in inspections for ground connections, sensors, the alternator, and starter, making sure they are free from dirt or grime and functioning properly.
Safety & Prep
Like all vehicle maintenance, cleaning car electrical components requires focus and proper preparation to avoid accidents, damage, or in this case, averynasty shock.
Keep these tips top of mind:
Disconnect the battery.
We can’t stress this enough. Safety is paramount when working with electrical systems.
Always disconnect the battery before working on any electrical components to reduce the risk of electrical shock and short circuits.
Simply remove the negative (-) terminal first, then the positive (+) terminal and save yourself a world of worry.
Keep it safe.
Do you really want to risk getting battery acid or corrosion on your bare skin? Always use appropriate safety gear such as gloves and safety glasses.
Dig out that owner’s manual.
Different vehicles often have unique requirements or considerations, so review your owner’s manual for specific maintenance instructions and intervals recommended by the manufacturer.
Use proper cleaning products.
When cleaning electrical components, you always want to use products specifically designed for car electrical systems, likebattery terminal cleanerand dielectric grease. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials that could damage delicate electrical parts – or you!
Grab your tools.
Use the right tools and materials to ensure that all DIY jobs are done properly. Common items to have on hand when cleaning car electrical systems include: wrenches, pliers, soft/wire brushes, cotton swabs, and lint-free cloths.
Get some air.
Ensure that you’re working in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling any fumes from cleaning products or solvents.
Cleaning Tips
We know, you want to get to the “doing” already, but trust us – this information is really important to have, especially before you go slapping cleaning agents onto things that touch electricity.
Don’t touch.
While working with connectors, switches, and sensors, avoid direct contact. Use brushes and cotton swabs instead. Additionally, some electrical components are sealed and should not be disassembled or cleaned by the DIYer.
Bit by bit.
Work on individual electrical components one at a time to avoid confusion, and move carefully. Wires and connectors can be damaged easily, especially by excessive bending or pulling.
Label everything.
If you disconnect wiring harnesses or electrical connectors, label them appropriately or you’ll be sweating it later.
Look closer.
While cleaning, inspect the electrical components for any signs of damage including frayed wires or cracked connectors.
Let it dry.
Once cleaned, be sure to allow all components to dry thoroughly.
Double-check.
Before reconnecting, double-check and secure all connections.
Step By Step Cleaning Process
Follow this general step-by-step guide to cleaning your car’s electrical system components.
- Ensure the vehicle is turned off and the key is removed from the ignition.
- Disconnect thebatteryby removing the negative (-) terminal first, then the positive (+) terminal.
- Visually inspect the electrical components for any signs of damage, corrosion, or loose connections. (Note: If any issues are detected, they should be addressed before moving onto any cleaning processes.)
- Start by cleaning the battery terminals using a battery terminal cleaner or a mixture of baking soda and water. Scrub the terminals gently with a wire brush to remove any dirt, corrosion, or buildup. (Corrosion will usually appear as a white or greenish powdery substance.) Rinse with water and dry thoroughly using a clean rag. If you’d like, you can apply a small amount of dielectric grease to the clean terminals to help prevent future corrosion.
- Next, use an appropriate electrical contact cleaner or isopropyl alcohol to clean wires and connectors. Apply the cleaner to a clean cloth or cotton swab and gently wipe away any dirt, grime, or oxidation. Remember to look for signs of damage, fraying, or loose connections.
- If necessary, clean the ignition components. Follow the manufacturer guidelines for cleaning these components, though, as they may require specific procedures.
- Next, inspect fuses and relays for any signs of damage or corrosion. Replace any faulty components as needed to ensure proper functioning of the electrical system.
- Hop inside and give those interior switches a once-over. Keeping switches, buttons, and controls for windows, mirrors, lights, and other interior features clean helps prevent dirt and grime from interrupting their operation.
- Once all components are cleaned and inspected, reconnect the battery terminals.
- After cleaning, start the vehicle and test various electrical components such as lights, radio, power windows, etc., to ensure they are functioning properly.