Adding a power inverter to your RV’s electrical system can be a game-changer for your travels, ensuring you have clean, reliable power wherever you go. But is it the right move for your setup and, if so, how do you choose the right one?
Parts Via can help you decide. In this guide, we’ll walk you through exactly what a power inverter is, how to determine if one is right for you, and provide key considerations for choosing the correct size and style.
What Is a Power Inverter and How Does It Work?
A power inverter is an electrical device that converts your RV’s 12V DC battery power into 120V AC power, so you can plug in and operate household appliances and electronic devices. They’re great for campers who like to boondock, since without shore power or a generator, these folks wouldn’t be able to enjoy creature comforts like TVs, refrigerators, and microwaves.
This is because the “direct current” (DC) electricity flowing out of your RV’s battery, solar panels, or added batteries is not compatible with the “alternating current” (AC) electricity needed to make a power outlet on the wall usable. Power inverters solve this problem, essentially translating the output from Point A into a language that Point B can both understand and speak.
How Do Inverters Differ from Converters and Generators?
If you’re wondering why these devices aren’t just called “converters,” that’s because the name is already taken. Converters, in fact, do the exact opposite of an inverter; they take 120V AC power and turn it into 12V DC power. This way, when you connect to shore power at a campground, you can run important onboard devices like fans, motors, and pumps off that electricity. And, since most converters now feature charging capabilities, you would also be able to top off your RV’s house batteries.
Some manufacturers offer combination inverter/charger units. While having an all-in-one device is convenient and cost-effective, shoppers should be aware that it also creates a single point of failure should something go wrong. Being left without the ability to charge your batteries or power your appliances could be particularly problematic if you were boondocking or off-grid camping.
Another option on the market are inverter generators. While traditional generators produce AC power directly, typically by using an engine to spin an alternator, the electricity they generate is sometimes considered “dirty.” This means it has more voltage fluctuations and harmonic distortion. An inverter generator, by contrast, takes that raw output of AC power and turns it into stable DC power before turning it back into AC power. The result is a cleaner, more stable flow of AC power.
There are some other benefits of inverter generators as well. For one, they adjust their engine speed based on power demand, so less fuel is needed to operate. Additionally, they tend to be more compact and lightweight in design, and produce significantly less noise during operation.
Inverter Innovations
It’s worth noting that manufacturers have innovated way more than just combo inverter units.
Today’s inverters boast higher efficiency ratings and power density, allowing them to produce significantly more power in a smaller, lighter package. Additionally, newer models are designed to work seamlessly with lithium-ion batteries, and many options can also accommodate solar panels.
Multi-stage charging helps prevent over- or undercharging, Bluetooth and WiFi connectivity allow for remote monitoring, and “Standby Mode” allows the inverter to conserve energy by remaining in a dormant state until a load is detected. There are also inverter models that feature generator assist functionality, allowing them to work in tandem with your RV generator to boost power output, optimize efficiency, and provide some clutch back-up support should a failure occur.
Suffice to say, there’s A LOT of variety within this category and manufacturers really have ensured there’s a power inverter option available to suit every type of camper. But does it suit you? Let’s find out.
Is an RV Inverter Right for Your Setup?
Before investing in an RV inverter, it's important to assess your specific power needs and camping style. Answering a few key questions will help you determine if an inverter is right for your setup and what features you should look for:
What type of camping do you do? If you’re always hooked up to shore power, or you really like to “unplug” when you go camping, then an inverter may not make much sense. However, if you regularly boondock or like to operate multiple devices and creature comforts, then a power inverter might be best for your camper.
What are your power needs? Think about the appliances and devices you currently run when camping, including which ones run simultaneously. For instance, if you plan to use a microwave, coffee maker, and laptop all at the same time, you'll need a more powerful inverter compared to someone who just charges phones and tablets. Also, account for devices with surge requirements. For example, an air conditioner might run on 750 watts but could pull twice that during startup. Purchasing an inverter that can handle these surges is crucial to avoid overloading the unit and damaging the appliance.
What is your existing power setup? Before you go shopping for an inverter, it’s worth assessing the strength of your existing batteries and if you already use any backup power generation. A small battery bank will limit the power of the inverter you can use. If you aim to run high-power-draw devices for extended periods, you may need to upgrade your battery bank first.
A Note on Factory-Installed Inverters
Keep in mind, it’s very possible that your RV already comes with a power inverter. Generally, factory-installed units will operate only one or two dedicated circuits in your RV’s breaker box, like the TV or microwave, unless you have a high-end luxury RV or a second-hand model with preexisting aftermarket upgrades.
High-draw appliances, like ACs and water heaters, are usually not linked to an inverter as their surges can overtax the unit. Plus, many of these appliances are designed to work on shore or generator power to avoid draining the batteries, so you could run into compatibility issues if you tried using an inverter.
Choosing a Power Inverter for Your Camper
Now that you have a deeper understanding of what RV inverters do and how one might make a smart addition to your camping setup, it’s time to start narrowing down the very large pool of available options. To help you set some parameters, we’ve broken down the major considerations below.
Size: Inverters are rated by the amount of continuous power they can supply, usually measured in watts. Before purchasing, ensure your inverter size is compatible with the capacity of your RV’s battery bank—factoring in both continuous power and surge power needs. Additionally, factor in efficiency losses of roughly 10-15% to be safe. Remember: bigger isn't always better if your batteries can't support it.
Sine Wave: RV inverters come in two main types. The first, pure sine wave, provides “clean” power that is almost identical to what comes from the grid, making it ideal for sensitive electronics like laptops, medical equipment, or heated blankets. The second, modified sine wave, is less expensive than pure sine but also less efficient and can cause interference with some devices. Consider the types of electronics you’ll be powering to help you choose between the two types.
Off-Grid Capability: Consider how much time you’ll spend without access to shore power, as this will affect both inverter size and battery capacity needs. If you frequently boondock or camp off-grid for extended periods, you’ll need a more robust inverter and battery setup to ensure you don’t run out of power.
Extra Features: Look into some of the extra features that are available to determine if any could enhance your RV's power system, like built-in battery charging, integration with solar panels or generators, and automatic transfer switches, which allow for a seamless power transfer between different power sources.
Budget: Consider your budget, but also weigh the benefits of investing in a durable, feature-rich inverter that meets your specific needs and will last for many years. Just be sure to factor in potential installation costs if you’re not a DIYer.
Ready to Upgrade Your RV Power Setup?
Browse the extensive selection of high-quality power inverters here at Parts Via. Whether you need a powerful inverter for off-grid adventures or a compact model for occasional use, you’ll find reliable brands like Go Power!, Xantrex, Magnum Energy, Samlex, WFCO/Arterra, Victron Energy, and Zamp Solar. Start shopping now and ensure your RV is equipped with the best power solutions for all your travels.